Solvents

Chlorinated solvents

Water in nonaqueous solvents*

The possibility and usefulness of sinple liquid models is reported. The importance of van der Waals forces for liquid water and aqueous solutions is discussed and compared with the solubility of water in nonpolar solvents and as well as of nonpolar solvents in water. Both systems could be understood as equilibrium of few water monomers. The network of H-bonded water molecules seems to be less i...

[Triamcinolone acetonide without solvents].

OBJECTIVE The purification of commercially prepared triamcinolone acetonide is important in order to avoid the potential toxic side-effects of the solvent benzyl alcohol. We present a new technique for preparation of pure triamcinolone acetonide by dissolving the powder in sterile distilled water with no additional solvents. As the triamcinolone powder is relatively insoluble in water, we descr...

Equipment for HCFC Solvents

The use of the new HCFC solvents involves some design changes for equipment. These changes will achieve emission rates with HCFC solvents similar to those experienced with the present CFC solvents. New equipment designs are now available for HCFC solvents from several manufacturers. Modifications to existing equipment to allow HCFC solvent use have also proved feasible in many cases and offer a...

Hydroformylation in fluorous solvents.

Triaryl-phosphines and -phosphites bearing fluorous ponytails give high rates, good linear selectivity and good retention of catalyst in the fluorous phase during hydroformylation of alkenes in fluorous solvents.